![]() (1995) to account for the fact human mass scales in 3 dimensions with height. The FFMI values were height-adjusted based on Kouri et al. (2018).įrom these data sets, we calculate the weighted average fat-free mass index (FFMI) and its standard deviation to estimate the population’s normal distribution for maximum muscularity. In other words, we looked for natural bodybuilders at their natty max. To calculate the probability of achieving a certain physique naturally, we reviewed all publications on high level bodybuilders and the fat-free mass index to find individuals that were A) likely natural because they were drug tested during the study period and B) likely near their genetic maximum muscular potential based on extensive training experience and high-level placings at physique sports. ![]() Fatter individuals may be able to achieve greater levels of muscularity. These formulas are likely to be more accurate for the average person.Īlthough the formulas correct for body fat percentage, since fat-free mass scales considerably with body fat percentage, these estimates are only accurate for men in the body fat range of 4-12%. The 4th edition of his work published a larger sample size with better-generalized formulas. Moreover, the formulas were probably overfitted to the data, as the calculation for maximum arm size included not just wrist size but also ankle size, for example, which of course doesn’t make much sense. Those older formulas were based on a smaller sample size of individuals with almost exclusively top tier genetics. That’s because they’re based only on his first research that’s available online for free. People familiar with this work may notice this calculator gives different, generally lower, estimates than the other calculators you can find online, including on Casey Butt’s own website. The calculation of men’s maximum muscular potential is based on Casey Butt’s extensive research published in his book Your Muscular Potential.
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